• Combines slot die coating with a custom roll-to-roll imaging system to allow for efficient, rapid, and scalable fabrication of high-quality gradient thin films.
• An improved manufacturing process over existing techniques because it uses broad material combinations and yields higher quality patterned thin films.
• Incorporates multiple materials to increase the application of patterned thin films across industries, including microelectronics, energy technologies, and environmental systems.

• Metal modulated epitaxy method enables the production of p-type beryllium-doped aluminum nitride films as key components in ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors for the first time. 
• Achieves high reverse breakdown voltage—a significant advantage over wide bandgap materials such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride.
• Improves current conduction over best previous results in p-type aluminum nitride (AIN) by 30,000,000 times and n-type AlN by 6,000 times.

• Creates safe, effective antimicrobial surfaces via bacteria inactivation without the use of chemicals
• Targets cell membranes or capsid, is less likely to induce antimicrobial resistance, and should be effective for antibiotic-resistant bacteria
• Requires very short electrical pulses to achieve effective bacteria inactivation, potentially leading to better antifouling performance

• Minimally invasive: Significantly reduces invasiveness of procedures in comparison to current macroscale, neurosurgical robots 
• Precise control: Uses 3D position data of the microrobots on the brain surface in a closed-loop system to adjust the magnetic field parameters (i.e., magnitude, frequency, phase, and direct current [DC] offset of each coil) as well as the forces the robots exert to the biopsy tissue
• Facilitates movement: Employs microfabricated shapes that dictate the microrobot's movements, limits their contact with the brain surface to reduce adhesion, and may also provide a means for the robot to propel itself in fluid

• Precise: Reducing the “spread” of vapor via collimation can reduce potential signal-to-noise ratio degradation and avoid contamination of nearby electronic components.
• Simple: Generating a directed atomic beam from the dispenser can be achieved via integrated packaging.
• Cooler: Placing a spacer material between the dispenser and collimator creates a sealed gap that not only prevents leakage, but also allows the vapor to cool (via rapid thermalization with the collimator plate).

• All-in-one: The personal adhesive bandage-like single device platform offers wireless, multi-data sensing by simply mounting it on the skin.
• Disposable: This wearable device is fully disposable after the use and the measured data can be simply sent to the cloud via a tablet or smartphone app.
• Compact: The unique, thin design of this bioelectric device is one-sixth the volume of current market offerings—weighing less than 7 g, including its rechargeable battery.

• Powerful: Projected to support energy harvesting sensors at distances over 100 meters from readers and/or radio transmission sources
• Efficient: Enables conversion of RF energy at higher efficiency and at higher output voltages than current electronic energy harvesting methods
• Widely applicable: May advance RFID applications in a wide range of fields including computing, sensing, and communication

• Continuous: Regulates power harvested in the presence of constant mechanical motion to store excess energy while pushing a constant voltage to the external load
• Eco-friendly: Reduces the need for consumers and technology developers to utilize supply-limited traditional batteries that are thrown away after a short use and could leak harmful chemicals into the environment
• Sustainable: Eliminates the need to mine an additional power supply by harvesting energy from underutilized electrostatic induction found in naturally occurring mechanical motion

• Effective: Dissipates large heat fluxes via 3D heat spreading and evaporative cooling that could approach kW/cm2 and beyond while keeping the surface temperature under 90oC
• Preventive: Mitigates coolant dry-out at the critical heat flux levels that result in a rapid and large temperature rise and thus cause device burn-out
• Efficient: Exploits high cooling capabilities associated with phase-change heat transfer through evaporation

• Comprehensive: Simultaneously measures both spatial and dielectric properties of particles
• Streamlined: Helps resolve signal interference from coincident cells—a challenge of other assessment techniques
• Precise: Offers complex impedance as a new level of particle feature assessment, integrating it with other measurements such as elasticity and size for more predictive analyses

• Convenient: Provides an all-electronic immunophenotyping process with straightforward equipment and techniques
• Low cost: Performs sophisticated, multistep analyses in a system that is affordable enough for point-of-care settings
• Flexible: Allows for the easy immobilization of multiple antibodies in the device—a shortcoming of current systems

• High throughput: Addresses the low-throughput challenges of other similar technologies by handling a sample volume near that of a Coulter counter
• Low cost: Eliminates the need for costly equipment, highly trained personnel, and long processing times that come with other measuring processes
• Scalable: Uses a frequency division scheme so that multiple copies of the system can operate concurrently

• Portable: This innovation uses a disposable, handheld device without bulky or costly equipment, which is expected to be especially useful in low-resource settings.
• Simple: It is designed to achieve results similar to those from a commercial flow cytometer but without requiring initial purification.
• Recoverable samples: Unlike commercial systems, the analyzed sample can be recovered for further tests at the end of the analysis.

• Compact: Provides a fully integrated package with a smaller footprint (30 μm x 30 μm) compared with CMOS-MEMS configurations
• Robust: Offers higher sensitivity and enhanced detection limit compared with the previous state of the art
• Low noise: Lowers shot noise levels associated with electronics and MEMS circuitry by eliminating the need for circuitry like electronic amplifiers

• High performance: Provides efficient, practical, and manufacturable optical computing solutions for a variety of platforms
• Efficient: Permits a new way of designing high-performance computing and decision-making tasks using manufacturable solutions with high-speed processing, despite fabrication imperfections
• Flexible: Offers photonic chips in a variety of material platforms (i.e., silicon, silicon nitride) and meta-surface arrays implemented in hybrid platforms that combine dielectrics and nonlinear/reconfigurable materials

• Fast: Enables highly dense pixels with fast (nanosecond) switching capability
• Scalable: Can be fabricated with features down to nanometer sizes; the overall device can incorporate several meta-surfaces with different features over a large-size wafer
• Agile: Offers high switching robustness (up to 1012 cycles)

• Sustainable: Harvests energy from the environment to minimize the use of non-renewable materials for power
• Highly efficient: Exhibits an unprecedented conversion efficiency of 50% to 85%, an area power density of 313 watts per square meter, and a volume power density of 340 kilowatts per cubic meter
• Powerful: Integrates with several other TENGs for output power of 1 megawatt

• High capacity: Utilizes optical electromagnetic frequencies for transmission to bypass the crowding from other wireless service providers
• Sustainable: Sources renewable energy via the TENG
• Practical: Contains parameters and techniques that can be optimized for different circumstances

• Efficient: Achieves rapid and universal pathogen inactivation with low power consumption
• Flexible: Features a configurable structure that can be placed easily into existing pipeline systems
• Chemical-free: Permits disinfection without the addition of chemicals that generate harmful and carcinogenic byproducts

Safety: intrinsically limited charge transfer and current provide better safety for both personnel and instruments.

Cost-effectiveness: the TENG was simply operated using a rotary motor and the cost of the TENG device and boost circuit is less than 100 USD, while a commercial DC HV power source usually costs more than 1000 USD.

Controllability: owing to the charge dominating output characteristic of TENG, the droplet jetting frequency could be controlled by the TENG operation frequency.