• Increases opportunities for utilization of QR codes for various applications
• Overcomes limitations such as small payloads and limited linking capabilities in current QR technologies/systems
• Incorporates the ability to transmit data with different layers – encrypted/unencrypted, compressed/uncompressed and others

• Simple – does not require microstructure fabrication or periphery equipment, such as pressure-driven pumps to operate
• Unique – loading method enables rapid sample loading and high-percentage sample isolation simultaneously
• Cheaper – improvements in efficiency and robustness reduce complexity and overhead expenses

• Real-time: provides real-time electrochemical analysis of engine oil by placing sensors in the oil flow
• Cheaper: by monitoring for early signs of engine damage, this technology can help avoid expensive repairs
• Increased oil life expectancy: owners can extract maximum life from their increasingly expensive motor oil

• Dynamic Adjustments: can make dynamic adjustments to obtain control over the response
• Predict Stimuli: will predict when pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli should be applied to generate the appropriate temporal profile of cellular response

• Costs: lower equipment and operation cost without compromising measurement accuracy
• Efficiency: efficient modeling gas fluxes at diurnal and seasonal scales
• Applicability: natural and pollutant gases over all types of land surfaces.

• Multi-point measurements- provide tempo-spatial profiles of culture attributes and can print a wide range of conductive and insulating materials on both rigid and flexible substrates with non-planar surfaces
• Wireless - collects the signal wirelessly via printed antennas to simplify the integration to different types of existing bioreactor technologies
• Safe - system does not apply contact, and minimizes any chance of harm or contamination to affect the cell culture

• Field-deployable robustness: uses reference reactions to accurately measure biomarker levels without expensive or cumbersome equipment   
• Lower cost: quantification does not require expensive technology

• Measurements: system achieves 'true quantitative' 3D information
• Imaging and visualization: system brings a great potential for fast 3D quantitative imaging, visualization, and synthesis of the focal stacks
• Material: method is glass-free

Safety: intrinsically limited charge transfer and current provide better safety for both personnel and instruments.

Cost-effectiveness: the TENG was simply operated using a rotary motor and the cost of the TENG device and boost circuit is less than 100 USD, while a commercial DC HV power source usually costs more than 1000 USD.

Controllability: owing to the charge dominating output characteristic of TENG, the droplet jetting frequency could be controlled by the TENG operation frequency.

• Versatile: can be applied to TEGs if different configurations
• Enhanced output: linear grating is introduced to the sliding elements, resulting in enhancements of output charge, output current, and current frequency

• Increased accuracy — robot capable of less than 100 micron accuracy
• Increased speed — faster targeting of injection locations

• General solution — the sub-shape recognition module proposed is the first general solution to recognize sub-shape in a bigger shape
• Efficient — users can manipulate geometries instead of pixel-based images so there is no data training needed

• Increased power output — scaled up NG to power hundreds of devices, not just one
• Improved structure — more inductive charges will be generated for this new design

• Efficient – provides 10-times lower wave-front aberration than the best comparable dispersion-free delay line  
• Simple – simplifies the spectroscopic coherent Raman imaging (CRI) approach

• Increased safety — eradicates RF induced heating while providing position of catheters in the body during iMRI procedures
• Simultaneous measurements — offers temperature measurements, orientation, and other parameters

• Robust – dynamic stability enables much easier control of the comprised of box kites
• Increased generation –the kite can access and capture much stronger and steadier winds
• Simple – components are easier to manufacture and install and maintain

• Robust to attacks – tolerates years of continuous eviction-based attacks
• Negligible slowdown – creates an miniscule slowdown of 1%
• Storage efficient – requires a storage overhead of less than 100 bytes for new structures

• Negligible performance – performance is unchanged when the system is not under attack
• Storage efficient – low storage required for implementation and execution (1 bit per line)
• Robust – no restrictions on capacity benefits of page-sharing

• Simpler – consists of a single laser diode, a mirror, a feedback attenuator, photodiode, and inter-connects between the devices
• Cheaper – does not require expensive external RF sources or laser sources
• Accessible – does not require any exotic components that cannot be purchased from a component manufacturer

• Novelty – use of an electrically-charged liquid beam of electrospray
• Improved control – control of action on the scale of single cell/single pores
• Diversity – arbitrary diverse set of cargo